Victims of arabization and kurdification policies in kirkuk. In 1514 the ramazan ruler mahmud was deposed by the mamluks and sought refuge with the ottoman sultan selim i, who the next year defeated the mamluks in syria and restored the principality to mahmud. Iraqi town besieged by is starving to death 22 august 2014 with each new dawn, the people of amerli wake up to the same nightmare. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The iraqi turkmens are the descendants of various waves of turkic migration to mesopotamia beginning from the 7th century until the end of ottoman rule 1919. Apparently over half the total population of iraqi christians has left the. Turkmeneli, also known as turkmenland, and historically as turcomania, is a political term used to define the vast swath of territory in which the iraqi turkmens historically have had a dominant population. The third ethnic component of iraq research turkey turkmens of iraq thethirdethniccomponentof iraq 2192015 12. Iraqi turkmens the iraqi turkmens roots in the middle east can be traced back to the year 637, primarily as descendants of recruits to the thenruling umayyad and abbasid dynasties. Turkmans also spelled turkmens, turcomans and turkomens are the third largest ethnic group of iraq. The iraqi christian community is often violently targeted by extremists and other groups.
Victims of arabization and kurdification policies in kirkuk a possible isis invasion despite strong opposition by the iraqi government, and declared that they will stay in kirkuk. In particular, socalled legitimate sources of information have relied on the. Once published, results from this study would constitute the first ychromosomal dataset on iraqi turkmens in the literature. The turkmens of the middle east turkish policy quarterly. Msa and iraqi for selected consonants the iraqi english lexicon the iraqi english lexicon contains entries drawn from the original print dictionary digitized and normalized, from iraqi arabic material held by ldc transcripts of conversational iraqi speech and from research on contemporary usage. This book also shows the areas where hebrew or assyrian languages are manifested in the iraqi dialect as consonant clusters, or as phrases and or expressions that go rather with. The term incorporates the iraqi turkmen turkoman homelands running from iraqs border with turkey and syria and diagonally down the country to the border with iran.
The iraqi turkmen are a community of around 3 million, predominantly present in the iraqi provinces of mosul, erbil, kerkuk, salahaddin and diya, baghdad and wasit. Certified copy of the priority document duly legalized up to the iraqi consulate in case priority is to be claimed. Big communities have traditionally lived in neighboring iran, afghanistan and sizeable groups of turkmens are found also in uzbekistan, kazakhstan and the. This article is about the central asian ethnic group. The law applies to all areas where the turkmen population exceeds 20 per cent. Alex shams is an iranianamerican writer and a phd student of anthropology at the university of chicago. Pdf kirkuk, with its large oil reserves, has constituted one of the most. Google maps iranain kurdish attacks may 2016 present major pkk attack feb 2016 present potential flashpoint turkey pkk kdp pyd turkey ypg krg iraqi government pyd syrian. Turkmens of iraq have been settled in iraq before the ottoman empire in 1516 a. In particular, the turkmen turkoman consider the capital of turkmeneli to be disputed city of kirkuk and its boundaries also inc. The iraqi turkmen also referred to as iraqi turks or turks of iraq are iraqis of turkic origin who. Kirkuk, with its large oil reserves, has constituted one of the most significant points of controversy politically, ethnically, and economically in modern iraq. Supreme court the case caption briefly changed to ziglar v. Kindle textbook creator user guide amazon web services.
Christopher kozak with leah danson and howlader nashara syrian pyd control iraqi kdp control kurdish seams in the middle east map credit. Norwegian journalist and a kurdish writer from northern iraq interviewed. As kurdish nationalism rises, the voice of iraqs turkmen. On tuesday, a temporary agreement between baghdad and arbil to end their dispute over oil exports and budget payments looked, at first glance, like kurdistan returning to the iraqi capitals control. Political mobilisation in tal afar had until then been dominated by the baath party. If the iraqis ever manage to settle on the powersharing agreement that is the objective of current u. The kurdish peshmerga took over many of those areas on the back of the june 2014 daesh offensive that saw the iraqi federal security forces collapse completely. These sources have been selected on the basis of their authoritativeness and the range, quality, and uniqueness of the maps they provide. Since the fall of saddam hussein in 2003, the itf has contested control of kirkuk and other. Before you import your pdf, make sure that it includes bookmarks for each entry on the table of. Washington, july 15, 2003 the citizens of iraq moved closer toward establishing a democratic government of their own choosing with the july assembly of the iraqi governing council, the senior u. A historical overview of the iraqi turkmens political responses theres a strong conflict of opinions regarding the origins of iraqi turkmen, however, it is certain.
Iraqi turkmen working on making kirkuk a separate region. For kurds it represents what jerusalem holds for palestinians. Maliki and obama in the oval office in november 20. Assignment deed from the inventors duly legalized up to the iraqi consulate, in case the applicant is not the inventor himself. Pdf a glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities. A wide variety of iraq maps including census area, historical, outline, political, relief, topographical and large color and printable maps by. Tal afar has also been the scene of sectarian violence between shiite and sunni muslims. That is the dream of iraqs turkmen that we can rule ourselves, according to the iraqi constitution, which gives us the right to form regions and change districts into provinces. Turkmen are the largest ethnic group in iraq after arabs and kurds and they. A clear crystallization of ethnic coalitions emerged in preparations for possible elections, as 17 major iraqi arab parties formed one list called the common arab gathering, and iraqi kurdish parties formed one unified list, while the iraqi turkmens most competitive representative is the iraqi turkmen front. The vote will decide whether autonomous kurdistan should disengage from iraq and become an independent state or remain within the iraqi state. Iraqs provincial elections and their national implications.
Turkmen of iraq the iraqi turkmen human rights research. Iraqs joint operations command said police, counterterrorism units and allied militias seized the altun kupri region, extending the. A glimpse at the intricate mosaic of ethnicities from mesopotamia. Pdf paternal lineages of the northern iraqi turkmens. War records a civi l war is a violent conflict within a country fought by organized. Iraqi political parties to provide information on this sector of the population as well as the apparent inability of the turkmen themselves to do so. Read iraqi kurdistan political development and emergent democracy by gareth r. Abbasi is a civil rights lawsuit filed in 2002 on behalf of a class of muslim, south asian, and arab noncitizens swept up by the ins and fbi in connection with the 911 investigation. Map sources congressional research service summary this report identifies online sources for maps of iraq, including government, library, and organizational websites.
Turkmens of iraq are part of the muslim turkmens living now in turkmenistan and the adjacent territories in the central asia and syria. Brief history of iraqi turkmen mofak salman kerkuklu on. Iraqs turkmen mobilise for a postisil future isis al jazeera. Azerbaijani, turkish and iraqi scholars affirm that azeri and the turkmen dialect are very similar to each other. Yet the turkmens were disappointed when iraq s newly appointed prime minister, adel abdul mahdi, excluded turkmens from his cabinet. The first wave of migration dates back to the 7th century, followed by migrations during the seljuk empire 10371194, the fleeing oghuz during the mongol destruction of the khwarazmian dynasty see kara koyunlu and ag qoyunlu, and. The human rights situation and crisis in kerkuk pdf. The turkmens are one of iraqs largest ethnic minorities and many of their hubs are in disputed areas, which are just beyond the krg borders but claimed by the kurds. A turkmen writer shaker sabir alzabit, in his book a brief history of. Arabs, kurds and turkmens all compete for power within the provincial. Altun kupri, iraq iraqi forces clashed with kurdish fighters friday as the central government said it had wrested back control of the last area of disputed kirkuk province in the latest stage of a sweeping operation after a controversial independence vote. Iraq maps including outline and topographical maps. En language and practice their own religion, the most ancient in the world today. Not to be confused with iraqi turkmen, lebanese turkmen, or syrian turkmen.
It is these turkmens who laid the foundation for the establishment of the seljuk and subsequent ottoman empires. Iraqi turkmens had hoped that political circumstances would turn in their favor after oilrich kirkuk passed from kurdish rule to the control of the federal government. For several decades, the iraqi government has pursued a deliberate policy of misinformation concerning the turkmen. As part of a foreign military sales agreement between the u.
In general terms, 60% iraqi turkmens are sunni whereas 40% of them are shia muslims. Clashes as iraqi army takes last kurdheld area of kirkuk. Yes, iraqi turkmen are among millions now terrorized by the insufferable isis. Paternal lineages of the northern iraqi arabs, kurds, syriacs, turkmens and yazidis. Iraqs beleaguered turkmen enclaves 22 august 2014 if the world will not help iraqi turkmens defend their homes, then at least help them.
In addition, there are christian turkmens living in kirkuk gala kawar. Plaket from embassy of iran for helps on bam earthquake. Why iraqi turkmens are excluded from the new government. Iraq s kurdish provinces plan to vote in a referendum on independence on sept. Although these two dialects survived a long history without any connection, there are no significant differences between them today.
In preparation for the peace conference that was expected to follow world war i, in the spring of 1917 the british foreign office established a special section responsible for preparing background information for use by british delegates to the conference. Welcome to the iraqi turkmen human rights research foundation. They both come from the same root the oghuz group of turkic languages. Fear is increasing as attacks against turkmen politicians mount. They make up around 911% of iraqi population and, according to iraqi ministry of planning, approximately 3 million turkmans live in iraq. Each ethnic group has its own ambitions and weve been working on making kirkuk a separate region for around a decade now. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
And as it is the case for arabs, turkmens are divided between them according to sectarian or doctrinal bases. Armenia and kurdistan is number 62 in a series of more than 160 studies produced by the section, most of which were published after the. Sep 04, 2014 who, what and where are iraqs turkmen. Iraq turkmens alarmed by kurdish trench jordan times. Before the invasion of iraq sectarian violence between turkmens had not been a problem, their shared cultural background had united sunni and shia turkmens. Unclassified iraq status report the new york times. Jun 24, 2017 on september 25, a referendum will be held on the future of the kurdistan region of iraq. Library of congress federal research division country profile. The citys turkmen character, they say, has been hijacked through social engineering efforts by kurdistan regional government krg officials. Continued persecution of iraqs minorities minority rights group. Turkmen ene dilim mother tongue project site grammar, dictionary and classic turkmen literature in pdf turkmen peace corps book contains a turkmenenglish and englishturkmen dictionary, as well as grammar notes.
Victims of arabization and kurdification policies in. The iraqi turkmen claim to be the third largest ethnic. The sixteenth and eighteenth centuries saw a series of splits and confederations among the nomadic turkmen tribes, who remained staunchly independent and inspired fear in their neighbors. Mahmuds successor piri was appointed by the ottomans.